To be presented at the 84th CPDD Annual Scientific Meeting, June 11-15, 2022.
Use of kratom, a botanical indigenous to Southeast Asia, has increased dramatically in the U.S. since 2006 with products proliferating rapidly. This is noteworthy, as kratom leaves contain bioactive alkaloids of which at least four act as partial, seemingly biased, agonists at mu opioid receptors and with activity at other neurotransmitter receptors.